Power steering makes turning your vehicle’s steering wheel easier by using hydraulic pressure to reduce friction. Like other parts of your vehicle, the power steering system needs regular lubrication to keep it working properly. Lubricating the power steering prevents wear and tear, reduces noise, and prolongs the life of the system.
This informational blog post provides a step-by-step guide on how to lubricate power steering, the types of lubricants to use, signs that your power steering needs lubrication, and answers to common questions about power steering lubrication. Follow these tips to keep your power steering system in top condition.
Table of Contents
Types of Power Steering Fluid
The most common types of power steering fluid are:
- Conventional power steering fluid – This mineral-based fluid has been used for many years. It works at normal operating temperatures but can break down at higher temperatures.
- Synthetic power steering fluid – Made from synthetic base oils, this fluid handles temperature extremes better. It lasts longer than conventional fluid.
- Dexron/Mercon automatic transmission fluid – This is an alternative approved by some manufacturers for use in power steering systems.
Always check your vehicle owner’s manual for the specific type of fluid recommended by the manufacturer. Using the incorrect fluid type can damage power steering components.
When to Lubricate Power Steering
Here are some signs that your power steering system needs more fluid:
- Whining noise when turning – This is one of the first symptoms that the fluid level is low. Air gets into the system and causes noise.
- Difficulty turning the wheel – If the fluid is too low, you’ll have to use more effort to turn the steering wheel. Power assist is reduced.
- Leaking fluid – Look under your vehicle and inspect the power steering pump, hoses, and gearbox for leaks. Have any leaks fixed before adding fluid.
- Low fluid level – Check the dipstick or reservoir and fill if the level is below the “MIN” mark. Don’t drive if it’s completely empty.
- Dirty, discolored fluid – Fluid that is very dark, murky or contaminated should be flushed from the system.
Make it a habit to check power steering fluid levels at least monthly. Top up or flush as needed to maintain optimal performance.
How to Check Power Steering Fluid Level
Checking fluid levels regularly is key to preventing problems. Here are the steps:
- Turn the steering wheel from side to side to distribute fluid in the system.
- Park your vehicle on a level surface and turn off the engine.
- Pop the hood and locate the power steering reservoir. It is usually near the engine at the back of the engine bay.
- Wipe any dirt from the reservoir cap and open it.
- Remove the dipstick from the reservoir (if equipped) and wipe it clean with a rag.
- Reinsert the dipstick fully then pull it out again.
- Check the fluid level against the markings on the dipstick. It should be between “MIN” and “MAX”.
- If the level is low, add the manufacturer’s recommended fluid until it reaches the “MAX” mark.
- Replace the reservoir cap and dipstick. Check for leaks.
How to Flush Power Steering Fluid
Flushing the system removes old, contaminated fluid. Follow these steps:
Items Needed:
- Power steering fluid
- Wheel chocks
- Hex key wrench
- Drain pan
- Funnel
- Check your owner’s manual for the system’s fluid capacity. Have enough new fluid handy.
- Chock the rear wheels, raise the front of the vehicle and support it on jack stands.
- Locate and remove the return hose from the bottom of the steering gear. Drain fluid into a pan.
- Once drained, reattach the return hose. Lower the vehicle.
- Disable the power steering system by disconnecting the belt or removing the fuse.
- Turn the wheels fully left to right repeatedly to circulate any remaining fluid.
- Refill with new fluid through the reservoir until it reaches “MAX”.
- Enable the system, start engine and recheck fluid level. Add more if needed.
Flushing the system annually helps maximize component life. Use this guide to keep fresh fluid circulating.
How to Add Power Steering Fluid
If the fluid level is simply low, follow these steps:
- Locate the reservoir cap and open it. Most are twist or snap caps.
- Using a funnel to avoid spills, add the recommended type of power steering fluid. Don’t overfill.
- Install the reservoir cap and wipe up any spills. Check for leaks.
- Turn the steering wheel fully left to right and return to center.
- Recheck the fluid level on the dipstick or reservoir. Top up if needed.
- Start the engine and allow the system to circulate fluid. Turn the wheel again.
- Recheck fluid levels a final time after running. Fill to “MAX” as required.
Adding fluid regularly when low helps maintain optimum system pressure and prevent damage from insufficient lubrication.
Frequently Asked Questions
What problems are caused by low power steering fluid?
Low fluid levels can lead to whining from the pump, stiff steering, grinding noises, fluid leakage, overheating and complete failure of the power steering system.
How often should you check power steering fluid?
It’s recommended to check fluid levels at least monthly. Inspect for leaks during regular tire pressure checks. Top up if low.
Can you use ATF or transmission fluid in power steering systems?
Some manufacturers allow the use of Dexron/Mercon automatic transmission fluid. But unless specified, use only the type of power steering fluid stated in the owner’s manual.
What color should power steering fluid be?
Power steering fluid is typically red, pink or amber when new. Dark, brown or black fluid indicates that it is contaminated and needs changing.
Is flushing necessary or can I just top up the fluid?
Flushing is needed if the fluid is very dirty or hasn’t been changed in over 2 years. Just topping up very old or contaminated fluid won’t properly lubricate the system.
Can you damage a power steering system by overfilling it?
Yes, overfilled fluid can lead to seal damage, leaks, fluid aeration and steering component damage from excessive pressures. Always fill only to the “MAX” level.
Why does power steering fluid foam or bubble?
Foamy, aerated fluid is caused by air getting sucked into the power steering pump reservoir. Low fluid levels or leaks allow air to enter the system.
Keeping your power steering fluid at the proper level and flushing the system regularly prevents damage, maintains steering performance and prolongs the life of the components. Follow this beginner’s guide to power steering lubrication. Driving with insufficient or contaminated fluid can be dangerous.